![]() A large number of experimental results show that the penetration of the projectile can be divided into three regions according to the projectile impact velocity v0, namely, (1) rigid projectile region ( ), (2) deformable/erosive projectile region ( ), and (3) hydrodynamic region ( ) (the division of these regions is related to the projectile target the above critical velocity is only an approximate value). In recent years, the focus of research on projectile penetration of concrete and other hard targets has shifted from the general drilling projectile (penetration initial velocity below 600 m/s) to the advanced drilling projectile (penetration initial velocity bounded by 1000~1500 m/s). In addition, increasing the velocity of the projectile can also improve its surprise defense capability and enhance its combat performance. Kinetic energy is proportional to the quadratic of velocity, so increasing the initial velocity of the projectile is the most important way to enhance its penetration and damage capabilities. As the level of protection increases, there is an urgent need to improve the penetration capability of the drilling weapon. It attacks the target by invading several meters or even tens of meters underground and explodes, which has a killing effect that is difficult to achieve with other attack methods. Earth Penetrating Weapon (EPW) is a weapon that can effectively attack hard targets and targets buried deep underground. ![]() It is widely used in military engineering (such as armor, antiarmor, and drilling weapons) and civil engineering (such as nuclear power plants, concrete dams, spacecraft, and automobile protection), so this problem has been a hot research area in the international impact engineering community and military research departments of various countries. Penetration mechanics refers to the mechanics of a high velocity or hypervelocity projectile impacting a target body and drilling into or penetrating the target body. The comparison with the experimental results shows that the improved model is applicable to different types of soft and hard materials and can accurately calculate the mass erosion amount, erosion depth, and shape evolution of the bullet head. Based on the cavity expansion theory, the calculation method of the shape evolution of the bullet head was established. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, the influence of the projectile material on the mass erosion of high-speed kinetic energy projectiles was studied, and the Jones erosion model based on the thermal melting principle was improved. For the low-velocity penetration below 400 m/s, the effect of frictional resistance of the head as well as the sidewall on the penetration depth can be ignored, but the overload curve when considering the sidewall friction is more realistic. This study has a certain reference value for the selection of energy-containing materials for multifunctional warheads. The simulation results show that the composite energy-containing material multifunctional projectile can accomplish the tapping task of penetrating 1.2 m reinforced concrete under the premise of ensuring that the percentage of powder is not higher than 80%. The relationship curve between material strength and attack depth is established and compared with the experimental data of traditional steel material attack ammunition to finally determine the strength limit of energy-containing material compared with traditional attack ammunition. LS-DYNA is used to establish a simulation model to simulate and analyze the tapping power. At present, the composite energy-containing material structure with Al, Zr, Ti, and other materials as PTFE-based reducing agents is the mainstream direction of research on high-strength energy-containing materials. ![]() The main material of a type of multifunctional warhead is energy-containing material, which mainly relies on the projectile’s own kinetic energy to hit the target plate to achieve the function of penetrating reinforced concrete, so it needs the bullet material to have high strength and be able to withstand the high overload when penetrating reinforced concrete.
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